source: saudigazette.com.sa
The keepers of the Kaaba key
THE guardianship of the Kaaba is still inherited by the sons of Shaybah
and their successors — a tradition that has been instituted by the
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after the conquest of Makkah the
eighth year after Hijrah. Following the Muslim victory, the Prophet
entrusted the key of the city to Uthman Bin Abi Talha and deemed the
caretaking of the Kaaba to be uniquely and eternally bestowed upon the
line of the sons of Shaybah.
The prophet’s words were: “Take it,
Oh Bani Talha, eternally up to the Day of Resurrection, and it will not
be taken from you unless by an unjust, oppressive tyrant.” This explains
why this tradition has been inherited by the sons of Shaybah and their
successors till present times.
The first caretaker
Islamic
researcher Mohi Eddin Al-Hashemi, who specializes in the two holy
mosques, notes that the story of the guardianship of the Holy Kaaba had
been first instituted during the times of the Prophet Ibrahim, who with
his son Ismail (peace be upon them) were ordered by Allah to raise the
foundations of the Kaaba, initiating the tradition of the guardianship
of the Kaaba.
The latter includes the maintenance of all matters
related to the Al-Musharrafah (Holy Kaaba) ranging from its opening and
closing, to preserving its immaculacy as well as monitoring its
visitors. Monitoring all affairs related to the Holy Kaaba also
comprises the supervision of the mausoleum of the Prophet Ibrahim.
Al-Hashimi
adds that the Prophet Ibrahim entrusted the guardianship of the Kaaba
to his son Ismail, who continued it until his passing. Afterward, the
tradition was taken over from the sons of Ismail against their will by
the tribe of Jarham (Banu Jarhma). Later on, it came also to be forcibly
passed over to the tribe of Khuzaah (Banu Khuzaah), but its possession
was regained by Qusai Bin Kilab Bin Murrah, who was the third great
grandfather of the Prophet and a descendent of Ismail, the first to
serve as the Kaaba’s caretaker.
Subsequently all matters related
to the latter were entrusted to Qusai Bin Kilab. The latter had three
sons namely Abd-Al-Dar the eldest (great-great grandfather of Shaybah
Bin Hashim, Abd Manaf (great-great grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad)
and Abd-Al-Uzza. Abd Manaf was highly honored among the tribes for his
wisdom and sound discernment during his lifetime, which prompted Qusai
to entrust the caretaking of the Kaaba to Abd Manaf. However, shortly
before Qusai’s death as a way of honoring his eldest Abd-Al-Dar, he
entrusted to him all his rights and powers including the caretaking of
Kaaba.
As stated by Mohi Eddin Al-Hashimi, the caretaking of the
Kaaba is inherited by the eldest son of each family and it was passed
until it transferred to Uthman Bin Talha who lived during the Prophet’s
times. As reported by Uthman Bin Talha on the day of victory of Islam
over Makkah in the eighth year of Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah entered
the city. When the Muslims were about to enter the Kaaba they found it
locked. They asked who was keeping the key and they found out it was
with Uthman Bin Talha. The latter was a non-believer so upon knowing
about the arrival of the Prophet in Makkah, he locked the door of the
holy sanctuary.
As the Prophet entered Makkah, its people
accepted Islam, but Uthman was hiding. The Prophet ordered Ali Bin Abi
Talib to take the key from Uthman.
Ali went to find Uthman and
asked for the key but Uthman did not give it to him. Ali then snatched
the key from him for the Prophet to enter the Kaaba. They opened the
door and the Prophet entered the Kaaba where he prayed two rakaas.
At
that time, Abbas Bin Abd Al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet, was
there and requested that the key must be kept with the family and then
Gabriel came down with a verse, which revealed inside the Kaaba.
The
Shaybah family are the keepers of the Keys, and they are the keepers
because Allah desired so by revealing the only verse that was revealed
inside the Kaaba. “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom
they are belong to .....” ( 4:58).
Soon as that verse was
revealed, the Prophet ordered Ali to return the key to Uthman Bin Talha
and excuse themselves. Ali then went to Uthman and gave back the key and
presented their apologies for the wrong he had done to him by forcibly
taking the key. The latter shocked Uthman, who could not believe Ali was
giving back the key to him as instructed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace
be upon him), the conqueror of Makkah. Ali explained to him that a
verse was revealed for him in which Allah instructed the Prophet to
return the trust to whom it belongs to.
Al-Hashemi points out
that the guardianship of the Kaaba remained with Bani Shaybah, which is
bestowed upon the elders of the family until today.
The functions
of the ancient caretaker were to open and lock the door of the Kaaba
and to oversee its maintenance, assisting in the washing, the cleaning
and supervision of the station of Abraham.
At the present time,
the guardianship belongs to the sons of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zine Al
Abidine Bin Abdul-Maati Al-Shaibi, who kept the honor for 43 years. When
Sheikh Mohammed passed away in 1253 AH, his eldest son Abdul Kader
inherited the guardianship after him, then his brothers Solomon, Ahmed
and Abdullah.
Al-Hashemi says the guardianship was transferred to
the next generation to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Bin Ali Bin Mohammed Bin Zine
Al Abidine Al Shaibi, who died in 1351 AH after witnessing the
unification of the Kingdom.
Then Mohammed Bin Mohammed Saleh
Al-Shaibi became the caretaker of the Kaaba. Upon falling ill, he
transferred the guardianship to Sheikh Abdullah Bin Abdul Qadir
Al-Shaibi, who was succeeded by his sons Amin, Taha and then Assem.
Their
cousin Talha Bin Hassan Al-Shaybi received the guardianship followed by
Sheikh Abdul Aziz Bin Abdullah Bin Qadir Al-Shaybi who died in the
month of Dhul Hijjah in 1431 AH. The guardianship moved to Sheikh Abdul
Qadir Bin Taha Al-Shaybi who served the Kaaba for four years. His reign
witnessed the change of the Kaaba’s lock by the order of King Abdullah.
Prince
Khaled Al-Faisal handed Sheikh Abdul Qadir the lock on behalf of the
King on the occasion of the cleaning of the Kaaba. He witnessed the
installation of a lock for the inner repentance door of the Kaaba. When
Sheikh Abdul Qadir died after a long battle with disease, his cousin Dr.
Saleh Bin Zain Al-Abidine Al-Shaybi became the caretaker.
At
present, the functions of the caretaker were limited to the opening and
closing of the Kaaba. The Royal Court and the Ministry of the Interior
and emergency forces coordinate with him if there are any state guests.
The
Kaaba is cleaned annually on the 15th of Muharram each year. After the
issuance of a Royal Order, the Emirate of Makkah coordinates with the
caretaker about the arrangements.
In addition, the head caretaker
receives the new cladding of the Kaaba on the first of Dhul Hijjah to
be installed on the day of Arafat by the tailors and specialists of the
King Abdul Aziz Complex for cladding.
The ceremony of handing
over the cladding of the Kaaba takes place at the King Abdul Aziz
Complex and is held in the presence of the head of the Presidency of the
Two Holy Mosques Affairs alongside the director of the Complex and a
large gathering of officials.
source: saudigazette.com.sa